Walking Tour 3(オアフ島) 散歩コース
Walking Tour 3Historic HonoluluGetting There: From Waikiki, take Ala Moana Boulevard in the Ewa direction. Ala Moana Boulevard ends at Nimitz Highway. Turn right on the next street on your right (Alakea St.). Park in the garage across from St. Andrews Church after you cross Beretania Street. TheBus: 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, or 50.Start: St. Andrew's Church, Beretania and Alakea streets.Finish: Same place.Time: 2 to 3 hours, depending on how long you linger in museums.Best Time: Tuesday through Saturday, daytime, when the Iolani Palace has tours.The 1800s were a turbulent time in Hawaii. By the end of the 1790s, Kamehameha the Great had united all the islands. Foreigners then began arriving by ship -- first explorers, then merchants, and in 1820, missionaries. The rulers of Hawaii were hard-pressed to keep up. By 1840 it was clear that the capital had shifted from Lahaina, Maui, where the Kingdom of Hawaii was actually centered, to Honolulu, where the majority of commerce and trade was taking place. In 1848, the Great Mahele (division) enabled commoners and eventually foreigners to own crown land, and in two generations, more than 80% of all private lands had shifted to foreign ownership. With the introduction of sugar as a crop, the foreigners prospered, and in time they put more and more pressures on the government.By 1872, the monarchy had run through the Kamehameha line and in 1873 David Kalakaua was elected to the throne. Known as the "Merrie Monarch," Kalakaua redefined the monarchy by going on a world tour, building Iolani Palace, having a European-style coronation, and throwing extravagant parties. By the end of the 1800s, however, the foreign sugar growers and merchants had become extremely powerful in Hawaii. With the assistance of the U.S. Marines, they orchestrated the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1893. The United States declared Hawaii a territory in 1898.You can witness the remnants of these turbulent years in just a few short blocks.Cross the street from the church parking lot and venture back to 1858 when you enter:1. St. Andrew's ChurchThe Hawaiian monarchs were greatly influenced by the royals in Europe. When King Kamehameha IV saw the grandeur of the Church of England, he decided to build his own cathedral. He and Queen Emma founded the Anglican Church of Hawaii in 1858. The king, however, didn't live to see the church completed; he died on St. Andrew's Day, 4 years before King Kamehameha V oversaw the laying of the cornerstone in 1867. The church was named St. Andrew's in honor of King Kamehameha IV's death. This French-Gothic structure was shipped in pieces from England and reassembled here. Even if you aren't fond of visiting churches, you have to see the floor-to-eaves hand-blown stained-glass window that faces the setting sun. In the glass is a mural of Rev. Thomas Staley, the first bishop of Hawaii; King Kamehameha IV; and Queen Emma. The church's excellent thrift shop has some real bargains and is open Monday, Wednesday, and Friday 9:30am to 4pm and Saturday 9am to 1pm.Next, walk down Beretania Street in the Diamond Head direction to the gates of:2. Washington PlaceOnce the residence of the Governor of Hawaii (sorry, no tours; just peek through the iron fence), it nevertheless occupies a distinguished place in Hawaii's history. The Greek revival-style home, built in 1842 by a U.S. sea captain named John Dominis, got its name from the U.S. ambassador who once stayed there and told so many stories about President George Washington that people started calling the home Washington Place. Cross the street and walk to the front of the Hawaii State Capitol, where you'll find the:3. Father Damien StatueThe people of Hawaii have never forgotten the sacrifice this Belgian priest made to help the sufferers of leprosy when he volunteered to work with them in exile on the Kalaupapa Peninsula on the island of Molokai. After 16 years of service, Father Damien died of leprosy, at the age of 49. The statue is frequently draped in leis in recognition of Father Damien's humanitarian work.Behind Father Damien's statue is the:4. Hawaii State CapitolHere's where Hawaii's state legislators work from mid-January to the end of April every year. This is not your typical white dome structure, but a building symbolic of Hawaii. 5. Iolani PalaceHawaii is the only state in the U.S. to have not one, but two royal palaces; one in Kona (on Big Island), where the royals went during the summer, and Iolani Palace (Iolani means "royal hawk"). Don't miss the opportunity to see this grande dame of historic buildings. Tours are limited. Admission is $15 for adults, $5 for children ages 5 to 13. Guided tours are offered Tuesday through Saturday 9am to 2:15pm; call tel. 808/522-0832 for advance reservations.After you visit the palace, spend some time on the:6. Iolani Palace GroundsYou can wander around the grounds at no charge. The ticket window to the palace and the gift shop are in the former barracks of the Royal Household Guards. From the palace grounds, turn in the Ewa direction, cross Richards Street, and walk to the corner of Richards and Hotel streets to the:7. Hawaii State Art MuseumOpened in 2002, the Hawaii State Art Museum is housed in the original Royal Hawaiian Hotel built in 1872, during the reign of King Kamehameha V. All of the 360 works currently displayed were created by artists who live in Hawaii. The pieces were purchased by the state thanks to a 1967 law that says that 1% of the cost of state buildings will be used to acquire works of art. Nearly 4 decades later, the state has amassed some 5,000 pieces. The current exhibit depicts Hawaii, its history, culture, and ideals, through a variety of mediums.Walk makai down Richards Street and turn left (toward Diamond Head) on S. King Street to the:8. King Kamehameha StatueAt the juncture of King, Merchant, and Mililani streets stands a replica of the man who united the Hawaiian Islands. The striking black-and-gold bronze statue is magnificent. The best day to see the statue is on June 11 (King Kamehameha Day), when it is covered with leis in honor of Hawaii's favorite son.Right behind King Kamehameha's statue is:9. Aliiolani HaleThis "House of Heavenly Kings," with its distinctive clock tower, now houses the State Judiciary Building. King Kamehameha V originally wanted to build a palace here and commissioned the Australian architect Thomas Rowe in 1872. However, it ended up as the first major government building for the Hawaiian monarchy. Kamehameha V didn't live to see it completed, and King David Kalakaua dedicated the building in 1874. Ironically, less than 20 years later, on January 17, 1893, Stanford Dole, backed by other prominent sugar planters, stood on the steps to this building and proclaimed the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and the establishment of a provisional government. Tours are conducted Tuesday through Thursday, 10am to 3pm (no charge).Walk toward Diamond Head on King Street; at the corner of King and Punchbowl, stop in at:10. Kawaiahao ChurchWhen the missionaries came to Hawaii, the first thing they did was build churches. Four thatched grass churches (one measured 54 ft.*22 ft. and could seat 300 people on lauhala mats; the last thatched church held 4,500 people) had been built on this site through 1837 before Rev. Hiram Bingham began building what he considered a "real" church -- a New England-style congregational structure with Gothic influences. Between 1837 and 1842, the building of the church required some 14,000 giant coral slabs (some weighing more than 1,000 lb.). Hawaiian divers literally raped the reefs, digging out huge chunks of coral and causing irreparable environmental damage.Kawaiahao is Hawaii's oldest church, and it has been the site of numerous historical events, such as a speech made by King Kamehameha III in 1843, an excerpt from which became Hawaii's state motto ("Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono," which translates as "The life of the land is preserved in righteousness").Cross the street, and you'll see the:11. Mission Houses & MuseumsOn the corner of King and Kawaiahao streets stand the original buildings of the Sandwich Islands Mission Headquarters: the Frame House (built in 1821), the Chamberlain House (1831), and the Printing Office (1841). The complex is open Tuesday through Saturday from 10am to 4pm; admission is $10 for adults, $8 for military personnel and seniors, $6 for children ages 6 to college. The tours are often led by descendants of the original missionaries to Hawaii.Cross King Street and walk in the Ewa direction to the corner of Punchbowl and King to:12. Honolulu HaleThe Honolulu City Hall, built in 1927, was designed by Honolulu's most famous architect, C. W. Dickey. His Spanish mission-style building has an open-air courtyard, which is used for art exhibits and concerts. Open weekdays.Cross Punchbowl Street and walk mauka to the:13. State LibraryAnything you want to know about Hawaii and the Pacific can be found here, the main branch of the state's library system. Located in a restored historic building, it has an open garden courtyard in the middle, great for stopping for a rest on your walk.Head mauka up Punchbowl to the corner of Punchbowl and Beretania streets, to:14. KalanimokuThe beautiful name, "Ship of Heaven," has been given to this dour state office building. Here you can get information on hiking and camping (from the Department of Land and Natural Resources) in state parks.Retrace your steps in the Ewa direction down Beretania to Alakea back to the parking garage