その他

Cash Receipts Journal
現金収納帳。現金の受け入れに特化した仕訳帳。現金(小切手)を受け取った場合に記帳する。
Book used to record all transactions involving the receipt of cash.

Cash Disbursement Journal
現金支出仕訳帳。支払いに関する取引に特化した仕訳帳。費用の支払い、買掛金の返済、資産購入などの取引で現金支払いが生じた場合に記帳する。
Book used to record all payments made in cash such as for accounts payable,merchandise purchases,and operating expenses.

Sales Journal
売上仕訳帳。Sales Journalには、掛け取引による売上を記帳する。
Special book in which credit sales are recorded.

Purchases Journal
仕入仕訳帳。基本的にはSales Journalと同様、掛けによる取引を記帳し、特に仕入れ取引の内容を記帳する。
Special book in which credit purchases are recorded.

Physical Inventory
実施棚卸。実際に商品数をかぞえて在庫数を調べること。
Determining the quantity of inventory on hand through an inventory count.

Miscellaneous Expense
雑支出。雑費の勘定科目。製造や販売に関係しない一般管理費は雑支出として計上する。
Incidental expense of a business,not classified as manufacturing,selling,or general and administrative expenses.

Bad Debts Expense
貸倒損失。売掛金が貸し倒れると見込まれる額を計上する。
Account shown in the income statement representing estimated uncollectible credit sales for the current accounting period.

Petty Cash
小口現金。少額の支払いのための資金。この資金は現金でプールしておき、足りなくなったら補充する。
Minimal amount of money kept on hand by a business entity to meet small expenditures.

Statement of Cash Flows
キャッシュ・フロー計算書。ある一定期間における会社の現金の流れを表すもので、年次報告書に必ず含めなければならない。事業、投資、財務の3分野に分かれている。
Statement that provides information about an entity’s cash receipts and cash disbursement for a period as they apply to operating,investing,and financing activities. The statement is required in the annul report.

Operating Activities
キャッシュ・フロー計算書の事業活動の部分。純利益に影響する取引から構成され、通常の売上や従業員の給与など、営業をする上で発生する現金の動きが表示される。
Cash from operating activities includes cash received from a company’s operations. It includes cash inflows from sale of goods and services,interest income,and dividend income. It also includes cash outflows for employee wages,merchandise inventory,and the other expenses.

Investing Activities
キャッシュ・フロー計算書の投資活動の部分。株式や社債の購入・売却、有形固定資産の取得・売却に関連する現金の流れが表示される。
Cash from investing activities includes cash received from the sales of plant assets; sales of stock or bond investments,and collection of principal on loans. Cash outflows include cash spent for purchases of plant assets; purchases of stock or bond investments,and the making of loans.

Financing Activities
キャッシュ・フロー計算書の財務活動の部分。資本の取得、配当、社債の発行と債券の償還 に関する現金の流れが表示される。
Cash from financing activities includes cash received from the issuance of stock or bonds Cash outflows include purchase of plant assets; purchases of treasury stock,bond retirements,and cash dividends.

Consolidated Financial Statements
連結財務諸表。親会社と子会社などのグループ会社すべての資産、負債、営業損益を一括した事業報告書。作成手順は、個別の財務諸表が作られた後、グループ会社間の取引すべてを相殺してひとつにまとめられる。主に子会社の株式を50パーセント以上保有する場合に作成される。
Statement that brings together all assets,liabilities,and operating accounts of a parent company and its subsidiaries. The technique for preparing consolidated financial statements is to take the individual statements to be consolidated and to combine them on a worksheet after eliminating all intercompany transactions and intercompany relationships. Most firms prepare consolidated statements when they hold more than 50% of the subsidiary’s stock.

Purchase Method
買収法。企業結合の際の会計方式。買収する側は、買収される側の資産価値を「Fair Market Value」で記録する。買収額がそれを上回る場合は「Goodwill」として記帳する。
Manner of accounting for a business combination. It is used when cash and other assets are distributed or liabilities are incurred to effect the combination. Under the purchase method, the acquiring corporation records the net assets acquired at the fair market value of the consideration given.

Cost Method
原価法。他企業の株式を20%以下保有する際に使われる会計方法。投資している企業の収益や損失は認識しない。
Manner of accounting by a company in which an investment in another company is maintained at cost,not recognizing periodically its share of income or loss. This method of accounting is used when one company owns less than 20% of the outstanding voting common stock of another company.

Equity Method
持分法。他企業の株式を20~50%保有する際に使われる会計方法。投資している企業の収益や損失を認識する。投資企業が配当を受ける場合は配当収入とはせずに、借方現金、貸方投資勘定として仕訳をし投資勘定を減らす。
Means of accounting used by an investor who owns between 20% and 50% of the voting common stock of a company. Under the cost method,the investor recognizes the percentage interest in the profit of the company by debiting investment in investee and crediting equity in earnings of investee.



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