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Ubuntu distribution comes with memtest86 and that is an option when booting on my Linux systems the most recent is at the "top" followed by older versions if any were installed and last is the memtest program.

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"Ubuntu distribution comes with memtest86 and that is an option when booting on my Linux systems the most recent is at the "top" followed by older versions if any were installed and last is the memtest program.

As mentioned; the screen being discussed here prevents anything to do with the install itself. It pops up right before one would expect to see grub. I'm pretty sure the HP machine is telling me something. (Not ubuntu)

First I tried installing the memtest86+ Arch package as described on the Arch Wiki. In principle, this works and I can start memtest86+ (5.01) from GRUB. However, it hangs after 1 second once it starts test #2, so this is basically unusable. I tried changing all the settings (by default multi-core is disabled anyways, but still played around with that!), but to no avail. If I skip test #2, test #3 also freezes. This is probably also the main issue here: How do I get the Arch package method to work? Is this a reportable bug?**

Next I tried downloading the memtest86 (v4) and memtest86+ images from the respective websites. I created bootable USBs from them (checked using a different machine, both worked). In this case the server in question won't even recognize the USB as bootable and just skips to HDD booting. This is true for both memtest86 and memtest86+. Disconnecting the HDD makes the boot process hang, understandably.

As a last resort, I remembered that Ubuntu Live media include a version of memtest86+ (turns out this is also 5.01, same as the Arch package), so I created an Ubuntu Live USB and tried launching memtest86+ from there. This actually works: It boots, launches and runs without freezing. The tests so far do not indicate any memory failures that might have caused the Arch issues. Note that there is no reason I did not use an Arch Live USB for this, I just didn't know they also included memtest86+ until half an hour ago.

Turn On or restart the system. Go to BIOS settings to make sure that your system is loading in BIOS mode and not UEFI mode. (memtest86+ is a 16-bit program and it works in BIOS mode, but not in UEFI mode.)

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To run memtest86+ or memtest on Ubuntu, you only need Ubuntu installed on your system. In addition, you will need a root user access or sudo privilege to perform update and install operation. Also, ensure that the Memtester option is enabled from the GRUB menu.

Once you have selected the memtest86+, hit either the F1 or F2 key. The F1 key denotes the Fail-Safe mode, and the F2 key indicates the Multi-Threading mode. In this tutorial, we will run in the Fail-Safe mode.

After resetting the CMOS completely the CPU came back to life. This seems to be a common thing. Using the newest memtest86, instead of very old one included in Ubuntu boot image, tested all my RAM without errors and without hanging up, nor killing the CPU.